Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed ___21____over the centuries. During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to ___22___ the reading process. ___23__ specialists agree that reading ___24___a complex organization of higher mental ___25___ , they disagree ___26__the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, ___27___ reading as simply the decoding of symbolsintosthe sounds they stand ___28___ .
These authorities ___29___ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is ___30__ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without ___31___ their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, ___32___ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who ___33___ reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its ___34___ .By some expert they would not be _35____ as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most ___36___ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to __37____ the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various ____38___ , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do ____39__ widely and enthusiastically. __40____ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
( )21.A.substantively B. substantially
C. substitutively D. subjectively
( )22.A.define and describe B. definition and description
C. defining and describing D. have defined and described
( )23.A.Although B. If C. Unless D. Until
( )24.A.involves B. involves to C. is involved D. involves of
( )25.A.opinions B. effects C. manners D. functions
( )26.A.of B. about C. for D. into
( )27.A.view B. look C. reassure D. agree
( )28.A.by B. to C. off D. for
( )29.A.content B. contend C. contempt D. contact
( )30.A.inexplicably B. inexpressibly C. inextricably D. inexpediently
( )31.A.interpreting B. saying C. explaining D. reading
( )32.A.like B. for example C. according to D. as
( )33.A.sometimes B. might C. practical D. actually
( )34.A.entire B. entirety C. entirely D. entity
( )35.A.classed B. granted C. classified D. graded
( )36.A.inclusive B. inclinable C. conclusive D. complicated
( )37.A.break up B. elaborate C. define D. unlock
( )38.A.purposes B .degrees C. stages D. steps
( )39.A.such B. so as C. so D. such as
( )40.A.By the way B. In short C. So far D. On the other hand
答案 ：
21.【答案】B。解析：substantively“实质地”;substantially“大量地”;substitutively“可替代地”;subjectively“主观地”。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。
22.【答案】C。解析：在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前也应有动词，故选动名词。
23. 【答案】A。解析：although表示“尽管”，符合句意。
24. 【答案】A。解析：involve使卷入、包括;被动语态时用be involved in;没有involve to和involve of的用法。
25. 【答案】D。解析：mental function智力活动。Opinion“意见”;manner“行为”;effect“影响”，这三项与mental搭配不妥。
26. 【答案】B。解析：disagree about/on“对……有不同意见”，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。
27. 【答案】A。解析：view…as把……看作。
28. 【答案】D。解析：stand for“代表”;stand by“支持”;stand to“遵守”;stand off“冷淡”。
29. 【答案】B。解析：contend“争论”;content“含量、容量”;contempt“轻视、蔑视”;contact“接触、联系”。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威争论说……。
30. 【答案】A。解析：inexplicably“无法解释地”;inextricably“无法摆脱的”;inexpressibly“说不出地”;inexpediently“不适当地、不明智地”。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。
31. 【答案】A。解析：interpreting“理解”;explaining“解释”。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。
32. 【答案】C。解析：在这里according to some是说“根据一些人的观点”。
33. 【答案】D 。解析：actually“事实上地”;practical是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里actually和前半句的theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。
34. 【答案】B。解析：代词its后接名词，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。entirety“整体”;entity“实体”。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。
35. 【答案】C。解析：be classified as“被划分、被分类到”;be granted“被授予”。
36. 【答案】C。解析：conclusive“确定的”;inclusive“包括的、包围的”;inclinable“倾向于、赞成的”;complicated“复杂的”。the most conclusive是最高级，指最确定性的。
37. 【答案】D。解析：unlock“解开、破译”;elaborate“详细说明、论述”;define“解释、限定”;break up“解散”。
38. 【答案】A。解析：for various purposes因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。
39. 【答案】C。解析：此处用副词so修饰widely。
40. 【答案】B。解析：根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short“总之”。By the way顺便说，So far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。